Tiếng Anh nâng cao lớp 8 - Phrasal verbs or Multi-Word verbs

Nội dung text: Tiếng Anh nâng cao lớp 8 - Phrasal verbs or Multi-Word verbs

1. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 PHRASAL VERBS or MULTI-WORD VERBS Động từ kép là động từ được cấu tạo bởi một động từ (a verb) với một tiểu từ ( a particle) hay một giới từ ( a preposition) hay cả hai ( tiểu từ + giới từ ) : give up, turn on, look after, get along with Động từ kép được chia ra làm hai loại: 1. Động từ kép có thể phân cách ( separable phrasal verbs) give up, turn on, try on, put on a. Túc từ là danh từ : có thể đứng trước hoặc sau tiểu từ.  S – V + tiểu từ + túc từ Ex: You should turn off the lights before leaving home. Ex: He’s trying on a jacket.  S – V + túc từ + tiểu từ Ex: He’s trying a jacket on. Ex: He gave smoking up b. Túc từ là đại từ nhân xưng (personal pronoun) luôn luôn đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ. Ex: The light is on. Turn it off. Ex: Here’re the shoes. Try them on. 2. Động từ không thể phân cách ( unseparable phrasal verbs): túc từ luôn luôn đứng sau giới từ. Ex: You should look after your old parents. Ex: He looks forward to his brother’s letter Một số động từ cụm thông dụng: Account for: giải thích lí do abide by: tuân theo Amount to: lên đến appove of: tán thành Add sth to sth : thêm cái gì vào cái gì base on : dựa vào Agree with : đồng ý believe in: tin tưởng Arrive at+ nơi chốn: đến ( nơi nhỏ, không tên) borrow sth from: mượn từ ai Arrive in + nơi chốn: đến ( nơi lớn có tên riêng) bring back : mang trở lại Ask for: xin, yêu cầu buy sth for S.O : mua cái gì cho ai Be on: chiếu phim change sth into sth: đổi cái gì thành cái gì Bear out: xác nhận, xác thực call for: ghé qua (để đón hay lấy casigif) Blow out: dập tắt, thổi tắt (lửa) call in (on): ghé thăm, ghé qua Blow up: phá hủy (bằng bom, thuốc nổ) call off; hủy bỏ Break down: hư, hỏng (máy); phá vỡ (cửa ) call on: thăm, viếng thăm Break in/ into: xông vào, đột nhập vào call up: goi điện thoại Break out : bùng nổ; bùng phát carry on; tiếp tục Break off: đột nhiên ngừng lại; kết thúc carry out: tiến hành Break up: kết thúc ( khóa học, năm học ) close down: đóng cửa hẳn Bring in: đưa ra, giới thiệu come about: xảy ra Bring up:nuôi nấng, dạy dỗ come across: tình cờ gặp/ thấy ai/ cái gì Burn down: : thiêu hủy, thiêu trụi come off: thành công Burst out : bật (khó,cười) come along/ on: nhanh lên Come over/ round: ghé nhà count on/ upon: tin vào/ dựa vào Come up: xảy ra, xuất hiện cut down/ back (on): giảm bớt Come up against: gặp phải, đương đầu cut off: cắt đứt, ngừng cung cấp cái gì Come up (to): đạt được, đáp ứng được pick out; chọn, chọn ra; nhận ra Check in: đăng kí Pick up: đón ai; cho đi nhờ xe Check out: làm thủ tục ra Pull down: phá hủy, phá sập Put in for: đòi hỏi, yêu sách, xin pull out: lôi raCheck up:kiểm tra Put on: mặc, mang, đội, mở,tăng cân put into: đặt cái gì vào trong Pay back: trả lại, hoàn lại come out: lộ, lòi ra;biến mất Run across/ into: tình cờ gặp/thấy ai/ cái gì Put aside/ by: để dành, dành dụm Run out of: hết, cạn kiệt Put forward: đề nghị, gợi ý See off: tiễn ai Put up with; chịu đựng 1
2. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 See through: nhận ra; thấy rõ Put off:hoãn lại Clear up: làm sạch, dọn sạch put out;làm tắt, dập tắt Compare with: so sánh với queue up: xếp hàng Complain about: than phiền về receive sth from S.O: nhận cái gì từ ai Cook meals for S.O: nấu bữa ăn cho ai return to: trở lại đâu Cut down: đốn xuống send sth to S.O; gửi cái gì cho ai Depend on: phụ thuộc vào send sth from somewhere: gửi cái gì từ đâu Devide into: phân chia thành separate sth from: tách ra Devote to: cống hiến cho speak to S.O: nói chuyện với ai Die out: mất hẳn, tuyệt chủng do away with: bỏ, hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ Die for: chết vì (ai) set fire to: đốt, làm cháy Die of: chết vì (bệnh) succeed in: thành công Drop in (on): ghé thăm, ghé qua (thời gian ngắn) be fed up with: chán, buồn phiền, End up: chấm dứt, kết thúc suck up; nịnh hót Fall down: rơi xuống suitable for: thích hợp cho Fill in: điền thong tin vào fix up: sắp xếp; thu xếp Find out: tìm ra sum up: tóm lại, tóm tắt Fly to somewhere: bay đến đâu take over: đảm nhận Get out of: thoát khỏi, đi ra take note of: ghi chú Get up: thức dậy take S.O to somewhere: dẫn ai đi đâu Get by : xoay sở get down; làm chán nản, thất vọng Get off: xuống( xe ), rời đi; khởi hành get on: lên (xe, tàu, ) Get on with/ in: sống, làm việc hòa thuận; xoay sở,làm (1 việc, 1 tình huống ) Get over: vượt qua, khắc phục give out: phân phát Go in for: tham gia (kì thi, cuộc thi) grow up: lớn lên, trưởng thành Give up: từ bỏ talk about: nói về cái gì Give way to: nhượng bộ talk to/ with: nói với ai Go ahead: thực hiện, xảy ra talk to S.O about sth: nói với ai về cái gì Go after: rượt đuổi theo thanks for sth:cám ơn ai về cái gì Go along: tiến bộ, phát triển thanks to sth/S.O: nhờ có cái gì/ ai Go away; rời khỏi, ra đi, tan đi, biến mất (cơn đau) think about/of: nghĩ về Go back: trở lại, trở về turn off #turn on: tắt # mở (máy) Go by: (thời gian) trôi qua turn up: đến; xuất hiện Go down: giảm xuống (giá cả) turn down: từ chối; bác bỏ, loại bỏ Go for a swim/ walk: đi bơi/đi tản bộ turn into: trở thành; biến thành; Go off: nổ, reo vang turn up# turn down: tăng/ giảm âm lượng Go on: xảy ra, tiếp tục wait for: đợi chờ Go on a trip/ vacation: đi du lịch/ đi nghỉ wake up: thức dậy Go over: xem kĩ, kiểm tra lại walk along: đi bộ dọc theo Go up: gia tăng, đi lên wash up: rửa chén, giặt Go out; tắt bị dập tắt work for S.O : làm việc cho ai Hear about (of): nghe về work with S.O: làm việc với ai Hand in: nộp; đệ trình hold on: đợi Hold up: ngừng; hoãn lại Work out: tính toán Help someone with sth: giúp ai với worry about; lo lắng về Hundred of: hàng trăm write for: viết cho tòa báo Insist on: nhấn mạnh write to S.O: viết cho ai Interact with; ảnh hưởng; tác dụng stay away from: tránh xa 2
3. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 Join in = take part in = participate in: tham gia vào stay up late: thức khuya Keep S.O awake: làm ai thức giấc stay with S.O: ở với ai keep pace up/ with : theo kịp send out: gửi đi, phân phát Fell pity for/ take (have) pity on: thương xót go in: đivào Feel regret for: hối hận, ân hận set off/out : khởi hành Fell sympathy for: thông cảm Sell off: bán giảm giá Feel shame at: xấu hổ Send for: mời đến, gọi đến, triệu tập fall in love with S.O: yêu 1 người nào đó set up: lập, thành lập Keep S.O away: tránh xa ai lose sight of: mất hút Keen on: tiếp tục leave out: bỏ qua, bỏ sót, bỏ quên Keep up with: theokijp, bắt kịp let down: làm thất vọng Laugh at: chọc ghẹo lose track of: mất dấu Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng lose touch with: mất liên lạc với Learn how to V: học làm cách gì make allowance for: chiếu cố đến Listen to: lắng nghe make a fuss over/ about: làm ầm ỉ Live apart: sống xa nhau make fun of: chế nhạo Live on: sống nhờ vào make room for:dọn chỗ cho Live with S.O: sống với ai make use of: sử dụng Look after: chăm sóc pay attention to: chú ý tới Look back (on): nhớ, nhớ lại put an end to: kết thúc Look down on: coi thường put a stop to: chấm dứt Look up to: coi trọng, kính trọng, ngưỡng mộ take account of: lưu tâm đến Look at: nhìn ngắm take advantage of: lợi dụng Look for: tìm kiếm catch sight of: bắt gặp Look up: tra từ điển make out: hiểu, đọc, được; nghe, nhìn rõ Look out: coi chừng! make up: bịa đặt, sáng tác; trang điểm Look forward to: trông chờ, trông mong make up for: đèn bù, bù Look into: điều tra Show affection for: có cảm tình Look in: nhìn vào; ghé qua thăm, tạt vào show around / round: đưa đi tham quan Look on/upon : đứng xem, xem như, coi như show off: phô trương, khoe khoan Give place to: nhường chỗ show up: đến, xuất hiện Give birth to: sinh con shut up: ngừng nói, làm cho ngừng nói Take leave of: từ biệt stand for: thay thế cho, tượng trưng, đại diện Make a contribution to: góp phần stand out: nổi bật Try on: mặc thử (quần áo) take after: giống nhau Get victory over: chiến thắng take off: cởi (quần, áo ), cất cánh Take interest in: quan tâm, thích thú take on: nhận, đảm nhận Have faith in: tin tưởng take up: chiếm (thời gian, sức lực ) Play an influence over: có ảnh hưởng talk over: thảo luận, bàn luận Wear out: làm mòn, làm rách; làm kiệt sức think over: suy nghĩ kĩ, cân nhắc Prepare for: chuẩn bị cho throw away/ out: ném đi, vứt đi Carry out: thực hiện, thi hành try out: kiểm tra Put away: dẹp đi, đem cất đi lie down: nằm nghỉ Turn round: ngoảnh lại hurry up: khẩn trương Belong to: thuộc về put out: dập tắt Bring about: mang lại quarrel with: cãi lộn Go under: phá sản relate to: liên hệ đến 3
4. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 Hand in: nộp rely on: tùy thuộc vào interfere with: cản trở turn in: giao nộp Leave behind: để lại write off: làm hỏng nát Let down: làm thất vọng Provide with: cung cấp Build up: tích lũy Make up: tạo thành Cater for: phục vụ Finish off: kết thúc Deal with: xử lí Exercises: I. Complete the following sentences with phrasal verbs from the list. Use the correct tense or structure: carry out, cut down, get on, hold up, dip into, make up, bring out, break out, cut off, get over, put out, work out, let down, turn out, lead to. 1. Now, don’t ___ us ___. We’re counting on you to cook something really special for the party this Saturday. 2. Over eating and lack of exercise can ___ ___ serious health problems in later life. 3. Giving up my job to go and live aboard ___ ___ to be the biggest mistake I’ve ever made. 4. He ___ ___ some story about catching the wrong train to explain his lateness. 5. If you want to lose weight, you should ___ ___ on amount of dairy products you eat. 6. Modern computers are capable of ___ ___ the most complex operations in micro-seconds. 7. It’s no the sort of book you’d want to read from cover but it’s quite interesting to ___ ___ now and then. 8. The start of the concert was ___ ___ by the late arrival of the group. 9. The gas supply was ___ ___ for about four hours as they had to repair some leaking pipes. 10. Toby’s ___ ___ really well at his new job. He’s already been promoted twice. 11. Quick action by the police prevented fighting from ___ ___ between rival groups of fans after the football match. 12. I hear FIAT have ___ ___ a new model but I haven’t seen it yet. 13. She ___ ___ the problem of lack of time by hiring a house-cleaner. 14. Herbie asked them to ___ ___ their cigarettes as he is allergic to smoke. 15. It is said that Isaac Newton ___ ___ the law of gravity after he’d been hit on the head by an apple! II. Put in these forms: brought up against, face up to, get round to, go out into, look forward to, looks out over, went back on, put up with, take up on, looks up to, cut back on, come in for, make up for, go through with, look down on. 1. The government’s economic policies have ___ a lot of criticism. 2. You’ll have to work very hard today to ___ the time you wasted yesterday. 3. I should ___ my problems and not try to avoid them. 4. Do you think he’s really likely to ___ his threat? 5. It was so stuffy indoors that I had to ___ the fresh air. 6. I’m feeling nervous. I’m not ___ giving my presentation. 7. The government is to ___ spending on the armed forces. 8. He really ___ his older brother. 9. He ___ his promise to tell nobody about this. 10. I meant to do the ironing but I didn’t ___ it. 11. The house is on the top of the cliff and ___ the English Channel. 12. I left the job because I couldn’t ___ my boss a moment longer. 13. Actually, can I ___ you ___ your offer of a bed for the night? 14. Small boys often ___ little girls and refuse to play with them. 15. I had big ideas until I was ___ the reality of the situation. 4
5. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 III. workout the meaning of these phrasal verbs and put them in the right sentences: let in , get off, throw away, stay in, come back, cross out, pay back, get on , turn up, fall over, take back, go off, lie down, go away , put off 1. I didn’t have a key, but luckily someone was there to ___ me ___. 2. Can’t we go out somewhere? I don’t want to ___ all evening. 3. Could you lend me ten pounds? I’ll ___ you ___ on Friday. 4. The sidewalk is very icy. Be careful you don’t ___ . 5. I was feeling so tired I had to ___ on the bed for a while. 6. I saw Martin ___ the bus and go straight home. 7. Mark’s gone out, and I don’t know when he is going to ___ . 8. The driver unlocked the coach so that the passengers were able to ___ . 9. I’ll have to ___ these books ___ to the library. 10. Your brother was being a nuisance, so I told him to ___ . 11. Don’t ___ that box. We can use it again. 12. If you make a mistake on the form, just ___ it ___ . 13. I can’t hear the radio. Could you ___ it ___ a little? 14. I was late for school this morning because my alarm clock didn’t ___ . 15. Never ___ until tomorrow what you can do today. IV. Complete each sentence using a phrasal verb that means the same as the words in brackets. 1. The football match had to be ___ because of the weather. (cancelled) 2. The story Kate told wasn’t true. She ___ . (invented it) 3. A bomb ___ near the station, but no one was injured. (exploded) 4. How long are you going to ___ working? (continue) 5. George finally ___ nearly an hour late. (arrived) 6. We are going to ___ an outing for our group. (arrange) 7. A number of buildings are going to be ___ to make way for the new road. (demolished) 8. We need to make a decision today at the latest. We can’t ___any longer. (delay it) 9. You can hardly ___ on £100 a week. (manage to live) 10. The noise is terrible. I can’t ___ . (tolerate it) 11. For the sake of your health, you ought to ___ alcohol. (stop) 12. Teachers should encourage kids to ___ for themselves. (discover things) 13. I’m afraid the machine has ___ .(stopped working) 14. Our phone has been ___ , so ring me on my mobile. (disconnected) 15. We need to ___ the situation. (fully discuss) V. Rewrite the sentences, using the correct synonym of the underlined phrasal verbs: appear, cancel, consider, continue, delay, delete, demolish, discover, discuss, display, erect, examine, execute, occupy, omit, postpone, prepare, reduce, reject, represent, explode, resemble, return, stop, select, review, calculate, tolerate. 1. You’ll have to cut down your living expenses a little. Cut back (on) : giảm bớt (reduce) 2. I must think that matter over carefully before I answer you. Suy nghĩ kỹ, cân nhắc (consider) 3. That company is going to put up a new building on this corner. Dựng, xây dựng (erect) 4. The two girls take after their mother very much in appearance. Giống (resemble) 5. Look each sentence over carefully. Cross out the incorrect words. Xóa (delete) 6. Mr. Lam’s job seems to take up all of his spare time. Chiếm (time, không gian, sức lực) 7. They are going to pull that building down. Phá hủy, phá sập (demolish) 8. We had to call off the picnic because of the bad weather. Hủy bỏ (cancel) 9. We heard the bomb go off five miles away. Nổ (explode) 10. These books are overdue. When are you going to take them back? Trở lại 5
6. FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS- ENGLISH 8 11. When you make up that list for me, don’t leave any names out. 12. We worked out how much of our salaries we would have to save each year. tính toán (calculate) 13. That woman certainly tried hard to show off her abilities. phô trương, khoe khoang (display) 14. When I was looking through my papers, I came across this picture. Tình cờ gặp 15. I suggest that you talk the matter over with your boss first of all . thảo luận; bàn luận (discuss) 16. Did the workers carry out the foreman’s instructions carefully? Tiến hành; thực hiện (execute) 17. Is the committee going to turn down his application for admission? Từ chối (refuse); bác bỏ, loại bỏ (reject) 18. Should we go over the lesson now or put it off until later tonight? Xem xét; kiểm tra (examine); Hoãn lại (postpone, delay) 19. How many people do you expect to show up at the meeting tonight? đến (arrive) 20. I think this storm will hold up the flights. ngừng (stop);hoãn lại (delay) 21. There are some pens here. Why don’t you pick out one or two? Chọn, chọn ra 22. I tried to interrupt the two men, but they went on arguing anyway. Tiếp tục 23. Trevor gave up playing football years ago. Từ bỏ 24. Those three letters are an abbreviation. They stand for something. Tượng trưng cho 25. I don’t see how you can put up with such bad working conditions. Chịu đựng VI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the words in brackets. 1. I’m trying to find my diary. (looking) 2. You’re too young to stop working. (give) 3. This bag is Janet’s. (belongs) 4. The police continued to watch the house. (carried) 5. They talked about the plan. (discussed) 6. I haven’t got any money left. (run) 7. The staff all have great respect for their boss. (look) 8. I wouldn’t tolerate such terrible conditions. (put) 9. They’ll have to postpone the game. (off) 10. I visited some old friends while I was in Manchester.(called) 11. I’m trying to reduce the amount of coffee I drink. (cut) 12. We’re trying to arrange a holiday together. (up) 13. The teacher was dictating so fast, we couldn’t go as fast as her. (keep) 14. I always like to enter quiz competition. (go) 15. We got some money from the insurance company, but nothing could compensate for losing my wedding ring. (make) 16. I found this film quite disappointing. (let) 17. I don’t think Jack’s story about seeing the ghost was true. (made) 18. I’m boring with waiting for her to telephone. (fed) 19. The fire suddenly started in the early hours of the morning. (broke) 20. If you don’t know the number, you can find it in the phone book. (up) THE END 6