Phrases and clauses of confession, cause or reason; connectors / connectives - English 7

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1. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES- ENGLISH 7 PART A: THEORY 1. CHUYỂN ĐỔI BECAUSE - BECAUSE OF ; THOUGH / ALTHOUGH - DESPITE / IN SPITE OF Because - Because of: bởi vì Though / Although - Despite / In spite of: mặc dù - Theo sau Because, Though, Although là một mệnh đề (tức là theo sau 3 chữ này phải có "S" và "V"). - Theo sau Because of, Despite, In spite of không được là một mệnh đề, mà là một danh từ, cụm danh từ, danh động từ. QUY TẮC CHUYỂN TỪ "BECAUSE" SANG "BECAUSE OF". Nhìn phía sau Because (câu đề) Thấy có "there, to be" thì bỏ. TH1: Nếu thấy 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau thì bỏ chủ ngữ gần Because, động từ thêm "ing". Ví dụ: Because Nam is tall, he can reach the book on the shelf. => Because of being tall, Nam can reach the book on the shelf. TH2: Nếu thấy chỉ còn lại danh từ thì chỉ việc giữ lại danh từ mà dùng. Ví dụ: Because there was a storm, => Because of the storm, - Sau khi bỏ "there", bỏ "to be" (was) chỉ còn lại danh từ => chỉ việc lấy mà dùng. TH3: Nếu thấy có danh từ và tính từ thì đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ, còn lại bỏ hết. Ví dụ: Because the wind is strong, => Because of the strong wind, - Sau khi bỏ "to be" (is) thấy có danh từ và tính từ nên ta chỉ việc đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ. TH4: Nếu thấy chỉ có mình tính từ => đổi nó thành danh t Ví dụ: Because it is windy, => Because of the wind, TH5: Nếu thấy có sở hữu lẫn nhau => Dùng danh từ dạng sở hữu Ví dụ: Because I was sad, => Because of my sadness, Ví dụ: Because he acted badly, => Because of his bad action, (trạng từ đổi thành tính từ) - Trong 2 ví dụ trên ta thấy có sự sở hữu: I + said => my sadness; he + act => his action nên ta dùng sở hữu. Nếu có trạng từ các em nhớ chuyển nó thành tính từ. 2. CÁC CHUYỂN TỪ THOUGH / ALTHOUGH SANG DESPITE / IN SPITE OF: - Các bạn làm tương tự các bước chuyển từ Because sang Because of: 3. Một số ví dụ về tính từ sang danh từ. Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Tired  Tiredness Important  Importance Sick  Sickness Different  Difference Ill  Illness Absent  Absence Late  Lateness Honest  Honesty Kind  Kindness Difficult  Difficulty Lazy  Laziness Poor  Poverty Sad  Sadness Noisy  The noise Dark  Darkness Invent  The invention of PART B: EXERCISES By Mrs. Snow1
2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES- ENGLISH 7 I. Complete the sentences with because/ because of/ although/ in spite of. 1.We delayed our trip ___ the bad weather. 2. Sue’s eyes were red ___ she had been crying. 3. My mother is always complaining ___ the untidiness of my room. 4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink ___ it’s polluted. 5. The trees were bend over ___ the wind. 6. You can’t enter this secure areas ___ you don’t have an official permit. 7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country ___ the ongoing civil war. 8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ___ the extreme heat. 9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday ___ he didn’t feel well 10. We couldn’t get into the disco ___ the enormous crowd. II. Add SO, BUT, THEREFORE, HOWEVER where appropriate 1. The wind was howling outside, ___ it was warm and comfortable indoor. 2. The highway was under construction, ___ we had to take a different route to work. 3. You could fly via Singapore; ___, this isn’t the only way. 4. There is still much to discuss. We shall, ___ return to this item at our next meeting. 5. It isn’t that he lied exactly, ___ he did tend to exaggerate. 6. I thought the plane would be delayed; ___ , I bought a lot of magazines to read. 7. Jackson was going to study all night, ___ he declined our invitation to dinner. 8. We thought the figures were correct. ___ , we have now discovered some errors. 9. Cars have become much more complicated. ___ , mechanics need more training than in the past. 10. We arrived at the theater late ___ the play had not yet begun. We were quite surprised. III. Rewrite these sentences using cues. 1. Pam was not felling well, however she went to school. Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school. In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school. 2. Tom was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted in disturbing the class.  a. Although___-  b. In spite of___ 3. Mary tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.  a. Although___  b. In spite of ___ 4. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.  Despite ___ 5. They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.  In spite of ___ 6. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.  a. Although ___  b. Despite ___ 7. Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy. By Mrs. Snow2
3. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES- ENGLISH 7  In spite of ___ 8. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.  In spite of ___ 9. I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.  a. Although ___  b. In spite of___ 10. I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.  a) Although ___  b) In spite of___ IV. Rewrite these sentences using Because OF 1. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving. Because ___ 2. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra. Because of___ 3. Although he had planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. Despite ___ 4. She ate much because of her hunger. Because ___ 5. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie. Despite ___ 6. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough. Because of___ 7. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks. In spite of___ 8. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her. Even though___ 9. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed. Because of___ 10.Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row. Because ___ V. Choose the best answer. 1. I want to work as an interpreter in the future, ___, I am studying Russian at university. a. but b. so c. however d. therefore 2. I am going shopping for food this evening ___ I do not have to go at the weekend. a. so b. but c. however d. moreover 3. When she got the news from her family, she could not do anything, ___ cry. a. but b. and c. so d. however 4. We live in the same building ___ we have hardly seen each other a. and b. therefore c. but d. so 5. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD ___ the shop didn't have it. a. and b. but c. therefore d. so 6. Anna needed some money, ___, she took a part-time job. By Mrs. Snow3
4. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES- ENGLISH 7 a. furthermore b. moreover c. however d. therefore 7. Julie has a guitar ___ she plays it really well. a. and b. so c. but d. therefore 8. My fingers were injured ___ my sister had to write the note for me. a. and b. however c. so d. but 9. The concert was cancelled ___ we went to a nightclub instead. a. so b. however c. so on d. but 10.This is an expensive ___ very useful book. a. but b. so c. therefore d. however 11.___ long it takes, I will wait for you. a. However b. But c. So d. Therefore 12.I must say that you have done very well. ___, you should be aware that you still have a lot of thing to learn. a. Therefore b. So c. But d. However 13.He is only sixteen, and ___, he is not eligible to drive a car. a. nevertheless b. but c. therefore d. however 14.Maria tried to read a novel in French ___ the book was too difficult for her to understand. a. so that b. therefore c. but d. and 15.To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, ___ you can ride the ferry. a. or b. but c. so d. however 16.I bought a bottle of wine ___ we drank it together. a. therefore b. so c. and d. but 17.The waiter was not very nice, ___, the food was delicious. a. however b. but c. so d. and so 18.___ hard he worked, he could earn enough money to support the family. a. But b. However c. Therefore d. Whatever 19.I wanted to give him some money after he helped me with the car ___ he absolutely refused to accept it. a. so b. but c. therefore d. and so 20.Everyone is ready for the discussion, ___ him. a. however b. but c. so d. Therefore THE END By Mrs. Snow4