Gerunds & infinitives - English 9

Nội dung text: Gerunds & infinitives - English 9

1. GERUNDS & INFINITIVES I. GERUND : ( danh ñoäng töø ) ( V + ING ) 1. Subject of a sentence (lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u) Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting . 2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (lµm bæ ng÷ cña ®äng tõ to be sau chñ ng÷ lµ vËt) Ex : My hobby is fishing . 3. After Prepositions (sau giíi tõ) Ex : She is interested in learning English . 4. After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund Admit (thừa nhận, coâng nhận), avoid ( traùnh, neù), appreciate (®¸nh gi¸ cao), defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trì hoaõn, ®×nh l¹i), deny( choái), detest/ dislike( khoâng thích,khoâng öa), discuss (th¶o luËn), consider( xem xeùt, cöùu xeùt), enjoy (thöôûng thöùc, höôûng), escape (trèn tho¸t), finish (hoaøn taát, laøm xong), give up/ quit: töø boû, thoâi), imagine (töôûng töôïng), keep( giöõ), not mind ( khoâng phieàn), miss (lì), practise ( thöïc haønh), suggest( ñeà nghò), prevent (ng¨n chÆn/ c¶n), can’t help( khoâng theå ngaên caûn), can’t stand (khoâng theå chòu ñöïng ñöôïc), can't help (kh«ng thÓ ng¨n c¶n )resit (thi l¹i), resist (kh¸ng cù l¹i, chèng l¹i), cease (ngõng, ®õng) .etc. I always avoid making noise in class. I don’t mind doing a lot of homework. Have you finished writing the report ? He can’t stand working ten hours a day. Anne practised playing the piano at an early age When did you give up smoking, Bill ? 5. VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Ñoäng töø theo sau giôùi töø thöôøng duøng ôû daïng Gerund. Approve of ( chaáp thuaän, taùn ñoàng), argue about ( tranh caõi veà ), complain about ( than phieàn, phaøn naøn veà ), concentrate on ( taäp trung vaøo ), depend on ( tuøy thuoäc vaøo ), decide on ( quyeát ñònh veà ), feel like ( caûm thaáy thích, thieân veà ), forget about ( queân veà ). Look forward to ( troâng mong, ngoùng ), insist on ( naøi næ ), keep on ( cöù tieáp tuïc ), object to ( phaûn ñoái veà ), plan on ( döï tính veà ), rely on ( tin vaøo, döïa vaøo ), succeed in ( thaønh coâng trong vieäc ), think about ( nghó veà ), worry about ( lo nghó veà , lo laéng veà ). I’m interested in listening to music on the radio. Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on He’s bored with staying at home day after day. a diet. Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours. Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out 6. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Caùc tính töø ñi keøm giôùi töø ñöôïc theo sau bôûi Gerund. Accustomed to ( quen vôùi ), afraid of ( lo sôï, e sôï veà ), ashamed of ( xaáu hoå veà ), capable of ( coù khaû naêng, coù theå ) bored with ( chaùn vôùi ), disappointed in / with ( thaát voïng veà ), fond of ( thích veà ), hopeful of ( hy voïng veà ), intent on ( ñeo ñuoåi, chaêm chuù veà ), interested in ( quan taâm veà ), opposed to ( choáng ñoái vôùi ),proud of ( haõnh dieän veà ), responsible for ( coù traùch nhieäm veà ), sorry about ( aân haän veà ), successful in ( thaønh coâng trong ), surprised at ( ngaïc nhieân veà ), tired from ( meät nhoïc vì ), tired of ( chaùn vôùi ), worried about ( lo laéng veà .).used to ( quen vôùi ). Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals. The driver was intent on passing the other car. Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ? The treasurer is responsible for keeping the Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin books 7. After some Verbs + Object Combinations 1
2. Ex: We saw the thief entering the house. Or He spent five hours doing his task. 8. In some other structures : It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early. II. THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB ) 1. Subject of the sentence ( Chuû töø cuûa caâu ) Ex : To help her is my duty. 2. Verbs + to - Infinitive Agree ( ñoàng yù,nhaát trí), afford, appear ( xuaát hieän), arrange( saép xeáp,thu xeáp), attempt( coá gaéng), ask ( ñoøi hoûi,yeâu caàu), choose ( choïn, löïa), decide ( quyeát ñònh), demand ( ra leänh), expect ( mong,troâng ngoùng), fail ( hoûng,khoâng thaønh coâng,(thi) rôùt), happen (xaûy ra) , hope ( hy voïng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sôû, töï lo ñöôïc), offer ( daâng ,taëng), plan ( keá hoaïch, döï tính), pretend ( giaû vôø), promise (höùa heïn), refuse ( töø choái), seem ( coù veû nhö, döôøng nhö), threaten ( ñe doïa), want, wish ( ao öôùc), would like ( muoán), intend (dù ®Þnh), tend (cã xu h­íng), claim (tuyªn bè, kh¼ng ®Þnh), desire (m¬ ­íc, mong muèn), hope, hesitate (do dù, ngËp ngõng) etc. I decide to study engineering at University We can’t afford to build a new house. She’s expecting to get a reply from the company. Bob refused to lend me his car. Do you agree to join us for the holyday ? You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday. Mary learned to swim when she was young 3. verbs + O + to - ×ninitive want, ask, tell, request (yªu cÇu), order (sai ph¸i), beg (van xin), remind (nh¾c nhë), invite (mêi), advise (khuyªn), warn (c¶nh b¸o), promise (høa), encourage (khuyÕn khÝch) He tells me to send this letter. The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club. 4. be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive: Afraid ( sôï, e sôï ), ashamed ( xaáu hoå ), considerate ( teá nhò ), disappointed ( thaát voïng ), eager ( haêm hôû), foolish ( ñieân roà), fortunate ( may maén, heân ), happy ( sung söôùng ), lucky ( may maén ), pleased ( haøi loøng), proud ( haõnh dieän), qualified ( coù ñuû tö caùch ), ready ( saün saøng), sorry ( aân haän) surprised ( ngaïc nhieân), angry(giËn d÷ ), prepared (®­îc chuÈn bÞ), glad (vui mõng), proud (tù hµo) I’m afraid to drive alone at night. Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote. Were you disappointed not to win the race ? He was not at all surprised to hear the news. The actress seems eager to go on stage. I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis. The parents are proud to have a healthy child. The party is ready to serve. I'm glad to see you again. 5. After the verb TO BE Ex : We are to pass the next exam. My purpose is to win the next English competition. 6. After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V(bare infinitive ) Ex : There are lots of things to do today. Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination. 2
3. III. BARE - INFINITIVE 1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, EX: I must go home now. 2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but. EX: He did nothing but complain about his life. You’d better stay at home today. 3. Make Let + O + V(bare-inf.) EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night. IV. VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS  Without changing in meaning : Start ( baét ñaàu, khôûi ñoäng), begin ( baét ñaàu), continue ( tieáp tuïc), intend ( tính, döï ñònh), like, love, hate ( gheùt), prefer (thích hôn, öa hôn). It began to rain when I went to school. It began raining when I went to school When did you start learning English ? When did you start to learn English ? It began raining heavily. or It began to rain heavily. Does Pam continue writing to you ? Does Pam continue to write to you ? He intended making a film for children He intended to make a film for children.  VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho yù nghóa khaùc nhau ): Stop doing st dõng viÖc g× l¹i He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.) Stop to do st dõng ®Ó lµm g× He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in order to smoke ). try doing st thö You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thöû ) try to do st cè g¾ng You should try to study harder. ( try = coá gaéng ) forget/ remember quªn/nhí ®· lµm g× (V đã xãy ra I remember sending a postcard to my parents doing st trước remember, forget, regret) yesterday. He remembers meeting you when he was in France. ( He met you). forget/remember quªn / nhí lµm g×( To-inf xảy ra Don't forget to wash the dishes. to do st sau remember, forget, regret) Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. ( you will send.) regret doing st tiÕc ®· lµm g× She regretted not coming your birthday party. So she felt bored regret to do st lÊy lµm tiÕc ph¶i lµm g× I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam. need to do st cÇn lµm g× (nghÜa chñ ®éng) You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English every day). need doing st cÇn ®­îc lµm g× (nghÜa bÞ ®éng) Your shirt needs washing .It smells. ( = Your shirt =need to be done needs to be washed ). go on doing tiÕp tôc lµm viÖc g× ®ã The teacher introduced herself and went on to = to continue doing st explain the course. go on to do tiÕp tôc lµm c«ng viÖc tiÕp theo The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but they just (viÖc kh¸c) went on talking. like doing së thÝch l©u dµi I like fishing like to do thích vì nghĩ rằng nó tốt, ý thÝch I like to do my job well. 3
4. nhÊt thêi Notes:  would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (ước có ) = wish for  ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND Allow = permit V-ing + Advise = recommend O + to-inf. I permit you to go out. I permit going out  see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb: khi chøng kiÕn toµn bé sù viÖc  see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing: khi chøng kiÕn mét phÇn sù viÖc ®ang diÔn ra I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday. She heard him playing guitar. It's really great, but she must go away. 4
5. Exercises on INFINITIVE AND GERUND I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE .( In some sentences, both forms are correct ). 1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind .( wait ) for you. 2. My father gave up .( smoke ) three years ago. 3. Would you mind ( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ( study ). 4. I always try to avoid ( borrow ) money from my friends. 5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ( get ) to school on time. 6. Could you please stop .( make ) so much noise ? 7. I’ve put off ( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 8. Sarah gave up ( try ) to find a job in this country and decided ( go ) abroad. 9. You can’t stop me ( do ) what I want. 10. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford ( go ) out very often. 11. My mother can’t stand ( stay ) at home without doing anything. 12. How long have you been able (swim), John ? 13. You must promise .( not / be ) late again. 14. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help ( laugh). 15. They refused ( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly. 16. Please, don’t forget ( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent. 26. However, she did not plan ( be ) a secretary all her life. 27. But she couldn’t imagine ( do ) the same job for years and years. 28. The only thing that prevented her from .( study ) law was a lack of time and money. 29. She often remembered ( talk ) to her father before he became ill. 30. You must remember ( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t got any now. 31. Did you remember ( post ) the letter for me this morning ? 32. Don’t forget ( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow. 33. I am looking forward to (see) you. 34. He is tired of ( walk ) to school. 35. I arranged (meet) them here. 36. He urged us (work) faster. 37. I wish (see) the manager. 38. It's no use (wait). 39. He warned her (not touch) the wire. 40. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 41. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 42. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 43. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses. 44. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 45. That was a very strange question (ask) 46. It was very kind of you (show) the way. 47. I overheard him (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math. 48. I don’t remember (tell) of the decision to change the company policy on vacations. 49. Ms Drake expects (consult) about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed. 5
6. 50. Tommy admitted (throw) the rock through the window. 51.Most people enjoy (travel) to different parts of the world. 52. May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) more of this programme? 53. That was a very strange question (ask) . 54. It was very kind of you (show) the way. 55.The teacher let him (stay) at home to finish the assignment. 56. It was quite a surprise (see) him again. 57. I overheard him (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math. 58. She stood there and watched him (drive) away. 59. It was very difficult for her (drive) the motorbike. 60. I could feel the robber (come) from the backdoor. 61. It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight. 62. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) any thing. 63. It is pleasant (sit) by the fire at night. 64. There was no way of (get) out of the building except by (climb) down a rope. 65. It’s no good (write) to him; he never answers letters. 66. Ask him (come) in. Don’t keep him (stand) at the door. 67. We watched the children (jump) from a window and (fall) into a blanket held by people below. 68. It is very pleasant (wake) up and (hear) the rain (beat) on the windows. 69. They denied the money. ( steal ) 70. I can’t afford out tonight. I haven’t got enough money. ( go ) 71. Can you remind me some coffee when we go out ? ( buy ) 72. Please stop .me questions! ( ask ) 73. I refuse any more questions. ( answer ) 74. One of the boys admitted the window. ( break ) 75. The boy’s father promised for the window to be repaired. ( pay ) 76. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn’t answer the phone, she just carried on (eat) 77. “ How did the thief get into the house ? “ “ I forgot the window. ( shut ) II. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs: Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write 41. He tried to avoid my question. 42. Could you please stop so much noise ? 43. I enjoy to music. 44. I considered for the job but in the end I decided against it. 45. Have you finished your hair yet ? 46. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk . knocked down. 47. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on . 48. I don’t mind you the phone as long as you pay for all your calls. 49. Hello ! Fancy .you here ! What a surprise ! 50. I’ve put off the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 51. What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody so stupid ? 52. Sarah gave up to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad. 6
7. III. Rewrite the following sentences , using the given words in brackets 69. They arrived home late. ( he saw ) => 70. . She didn’t want to stay there fore the weekend. ( They made her ) => 71. . The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment. ( The teacher let ) => 72. The boy ran away from the house. ( She noticed ) => 73. He said that he didn’t want to learn Math. ( I overhear ) => 74. . The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets. ( The police made ) => 75. He left the house early this morning. ‘;( I heard ) => 76. He drove away. ( She stood there and watched ) => 77. The robber came from the back door. ( I could feel ) => 78 May be the school will ask me to pay some extra money. ( Do you think the school will make ) => IV. Build a complete sentence with the given words 79. I/look forward/receive/letter/ now.=> 80. we/not mind/wait/more minutes.=> 81. children/busy/collect/shells/beach.=> 82. He/ask/us/help/him/do/thewashing up/yesterday. => 83. Her mother/force/her/marry/to that man.=> V. Reported speech with infinitive and gerund 84. “shut the door ,Tom” she said (told) 85. “Don’t believe everything you hear” he said to me(advise) 86. “lend me your pen for a moment” I said to Mary(ask) 87. “would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?”(invite) 88. “Will you help me ,please?”she said(ask) 89. “you had better apologize for being late”said my mother(advise) 90. “We will come back again”they said(promise) 91. “Keep quiet”the teacher said to us(told) 92. “You’d better not swim too far from the shore,”the lifeguard said to us(advise) 7
8. 93. “could you close the window”John said to Peter(ask) 94. “you should join the football team ,Eric”said the teacher(encourage) 95. “I’ll give it to him tomorrow”John said(promise) 96. “I’d like Lan to become a doctor”my mum said (want) 97. “Remember to lock the door before going to school”my sister said (remind) 98. “you should go home and take a rest”the boss said(advise) 99. “you should not drink too much beer” his wife said (advise) 100. “Come and see me when you want” he said to us(invite) 101. “Please don’t smoke in my room” she said to them(ask) 102. “Don’t forget to give the book back to Joe”her sister said to her(remind) 103. “I’ll never do it again”she said(promise) 104. “All right ,I ‘ll wait for you” his friend said(agree) 105. “Let’s have a party this weekend” he said(suggest) 106. “I am sorry,I didn’t phone you earlier”Mary said(apologize) 107. “It’s nice of you to help me,thankyou”Bob said(thank) 108. “I’m sorry,I’m late”Peter said(apologize) 109. “Yes ,ok .I’ll lend you my car”Peter said to Ann(agree) 110. “I’ll finish the work early”said the students(promise) 111. “I won’t help you with your homework”Jane said to me(refuse) 112. “What about meeting on Sunday?”Mark said to Jane(suggest) 113. “Why don’t you help her” the teacher said to her student(suggest) 114. “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening,sorry John”said Mary(apologize) 115. “you should lose your weight”the doctor said to me(advise) 116. “You wear a suit when you come to my party”said Susan(insist) 117. The manager said to the worker “you have done excellent work this month”(congratulate) 8
9. 118. “you told a lie ,Tom”she said(accuse) 119. “To tell the truth,I haven’t insured my car”she said(admit) VI. Write the following sentences in Reported Speech. 120. “It was really kind of you to help me.” Mary said to you. Mary thanked me 121. “I’ll drive you to the airport.” John said to Linda John insisted 122. “You have passed the final exams. Congratulations!” Jim said to you Jim congratulated me 123. “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner. Thank you”, Miss White said to Peter. Miss White thanked 124. “Don’t play with the matches!” I said to Jack. I warned 125. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier”, Margaret said to you. Margaret apologized 126. “I have always wanted to be a pilot”, Paul said to you. Paul has always dreamed of 127. “You didn’t do what I said”, the mother said to her son. The mother accused 128. “You had better go to the doctor”. He urged me 129. “You’ve got to lend me some money!” He begged me 130. “Give me your homework.” The teacher told us 131. “Please, don’t smoke in my car.” He asked us 132. “I’ll buy you an ice-cream.” My Dad promised 133. “Would you like to have a drink with me?" He invited me 134. “You should give up smoking.” The doctor advised me 135. “Don’t shoot.” The General ordered us VII. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 136. I couldn’t make my car to start this morning. A B C D 137. I’m sure he is incapable of run a mile in four minutes. A B C D 9
10. 138. Good friendship should be based on mutual understand. A B C D 139. I’m delighted hearing that you have made much progress in your study. A B C D 140. There is a lot of work doing here. A B C D 141. He was terribly excited to ask to play for Manchester. A B C D 142. He could not decide whether to get a job or studying. A B C D 143. I dislike being talk about everywhere. A B C D 144. He says that speak a foreign language always makes him nervous. A B C D 145. We’re looking forward to see you again. A B C D 146. I’d like buying some earrings like yours. A B C D 147. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rise. A B C D 148. I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather. A B C D 149. They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read & write. A B C D 150. You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job. A B C D 151. Peter apologized for break the vase. A B C D 152. He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow. A B C D VIII. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 153. Some high school students take part in the handicapped. A. helping B. to help C. help D. being help 154. The mission of this society is community education for street children. A. to provide B. provide C. providing D. provided 155. Shy people often find it to take part in group discussions. A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultly D. be difficult 156. I am unable to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologise for my absence. A. to come B. come C. coming D. to be come 157. it several times, he didn’t want to read it once again. A. Reading B. To read C. To have read D. Having read 10
11. 158. that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare. A. Knowing B. Known C. Knew D. Having knew 159. photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. Having seen 160. I hate a child . A. see/ crying B. see/ cry C. seeing/ to cry D. seeing/ cry 161. I notice the lorry down the hill. A. to come B. came C. coming D. having come 162. I observed a blue car very fast towards the motorway. A. having driven B. driven C. driving D. to drive 163. They left the restaurant, two hours over lunch. A. spending B. spent C. after spend D. having spent 164. The police accused him of fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire. A. setting/ being B. setting/ having been C. set/ be D. having set/ having been 165. Someone told us sit on the stairs. A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not 166. “Don’t forget to ring me” A. I advised David to ring me B. I reminded David to ring me C. I offered to be run D. You promised to ring me 167. The doctor advised him and to take up some sport. A. stop smoke B. stop smoking C. to stop smoking D. to stop to smoke 168. I have told him never to buy some potatoes on the way home. A. come B. comes C. came D. to come 169. Professional people expect when it is necessary to cancel an appointment. A. you to call them B. that you would call them C. you calling them D. that you are calling them 170. The conductor asked in the bus. A. them to please not to smoke B. that they should not smoke C. them not to smoke D. them not to smoke 171. I’d rather at home. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay 172. They noticed him the agreement. A. sign B. to sign C. signing D. signed 173. Jack admitted the money. A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen 174. Don’t him to arrive early. He’s always late. A. think B. judge C. hope D. expect 11
12. 175. I wouldn’t of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to. A. dream B. intend C. depend D. rely 176. The instructor warned the students sailing alone on the lake. A. on B. for C. of D. against 177. Her mother prevented her going out tonight. A. against B. from C. about D. at 178. I apologized the book at home. A. for leaving B. to leaving C. leaving D. to leave THE END 12