Đề cương ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh

1. MỤC LỤC PHẦN 1: CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ ................................................................................................... 3 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM ............................................................................................................ 3 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: THÌ ...................................................................................................................... 9 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: CÂU PHỨC ...................................................................................................... 14 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ .............................................................................................. 17 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: SO SÁNH ......................................................................................................... 23 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP ............................................................................................. 28 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: USED TO VÀ BE/ GET USED TO ................................................................. 36 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: CÂU ƯỚC ........................................................................................................ 39 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ................................................................................................ 42 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA SUGGEST .............................................................. 48 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: CẤU TRÚC CỦA TÍNH TỪ .......................................................................... 50 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH LƯỢNG ................................................................................. 53 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN............................................................................................ 58 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: MẠO TỪ ........................................................................................................ 64 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ ................................................................................... 67 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA DESPITE VÀ ALTHOUGH .................................. 74 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ................................................................................ 78 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: SỰ HỊA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ ........................................ 83 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19: CÂU HỎI ĐUƠI .............................................................................................. 87 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA QKĐ VÀ HTHT ................................................... 90 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21: CẤU TẠO CỦA TỪ ....................................................................................... 94 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22: TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ............................................................................ 100 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 23: LIÊN TỪ ....................................................................................................... 103 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 24: GIỚI TỪ ....................................................................................................... 112 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 25: TÌM LỖI SAI ................................................................................................ 120 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 26: TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA, TRÁI NGHĨA ............................................................. 123 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 27: CÂU CĨ CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP .......................................................... 127 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 28: KĨ NĂNG ĐỌC ............................................................................................ 131 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 29: CÂU ĐỒNG NGHĨA ............................................................................... 143 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 30: VIẾT LẠI CÂU VỚI CÁC TỪ CHO SẴN ................................................... 148 PHẦN 2: ĐÁP ÁN ......................................................................................................................154 1
2. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM (PHONETICS) A. PHÁT ÂM I. LÍ THUYẾT 1. Cách đọc “s/ es” /s/ /iz/ /z/  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là các phụ  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là các  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là âm vơ thanh: /θ/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ âm /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/ các nguyên âm và các (thường cĩ tận cùng là các chữ: (thường cĩ tận cùng là các phụ âm hữu thanh cịn gh, th, ph, k, f, t) (ghét thời chữ: s, ce, ge, ss, ch, x, sh, lại phong kiến phương tây) z) (sáu sung sướng chạy xe SH rồi)  Ex: laughes, units, stops,  Ex: kisses, fixes, prizes,  Ex: drives, reads, goes, works, months washes, watches, races tries, learns, dreams 2. Cách đọc “ed” /id/ /t/ /d/  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là các  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là các âm: /θ/,  khi từ cĩ tận cùng là các phụ âm: /t/, /d/ /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/ (thường nguyên âm và các phụ âm cĩ tận cùng là các chữ: gh, th, ph, k, hữu thanh cịn lại p, s, ce, ge, ss, ch, x, sh)  Ex: stopped, looked, missed, fixed,  Ex: played, opened,  Ex: wanted, needed washed, watched,laughed, tried, smiled, loved changed, practiced Lưu ý: Đuơi “ed” trong các động từ sau khi sử dụng như tính từ sẽ được phát âm là /id/ bất luận “ed” sau âm gì: aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, naked, ragged, wicked. 3. Nguyên âm - Vowels (u, e, o, a, i) a. Nguyên âm ngắn - Short vowels - /ə/: ago, mother, together - /i/: hit, bit, sit - /ʌ/: study, shut, must - /ɒ/: got job, hospital - /u/: put, should, foot - /e/: bed, send, tent, spend - /ỉ/: cat, chat, man b. Nguyên âm dài - Long vowels - /iː/: meet, beat, heat - /u:/: school, food, moon - /a:/: father, star, car - /ɔː/: sport, more, store - /ɜː/: bird, shirt, early 2
3. c. Nguyên âm đơi- Diphthongs - /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - /ɔɪ/: boy, enjoy, toy - /ei/: day, obey, stay - /ou/: no, go, so - /au/: now, sound, cow - /ʊə/: poor, sure, tour - /eə/: air, care, share - /ɪə/: near, tear, cheer 4. Phụ âm - Consonants - /b/: bag, baby - /p/: pupil, pay, stop - /d/: dog, daddy, dead - /k/: kiss, key - /m/: mother, map, come - /j/: yes, yellow - /n/: many, none, news - /s/: see, summer - /l/: love, lucky, travel - /z/: zoo, visit - /r/: river, restaurant - /h/: hat, honey - /t/: tea, teach - /dʒ/: village, jam, generous - /g/: get, game, go - /θ/: thin, thick, something, birth - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - /ð/: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - /ʃ/: she, sugar - /w/: wet, why - /ʒ/: vision - /tʃ/: children, chicken, watch - /ŋ/: thank, sing II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BT 1: Chọn từ cĩ phát âm khác với các từ cịn lại 1. A. skims B. works C. sits D. laughs 2. A. fixes B. pushes C. misses D. goes 3. A. cries B. buzzes C. studies D. supplies 4. A. holds B. notes C. replies D. sings 5. A. keeps B. gives C. cleans D. prepares 6. A. runs B. fills C. draws D. catches 7. A. drops B. kicks C. sees D. hopes 8. A. lamps B. knocks C. changes D. wants 9. A. drinks B. rides C. travels D. leaves 10. A. calls B. glasses C. smiles D. learns 11. A. schools B. yards C. labs D. seats 12. A. knives B. trees C. classes D. agrees 13. A. buses B. horses C. causes D. ties 14. A. garages B. boats C. bikes D. roofs 15. A. ships B. roads C. streets D. speaks 16. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 17. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 18. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 19. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 20. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks BT 2: Chọn từ cĩ phát âm khác với các từ cịn lại 3
4. 1. A. talked B. fished C. arrived D. stepped 2. A. wished B. wrapped C. laughed D. turned 3. A. considered B. rescued C. pulled D. roughed 4. A. produced B. arranged C. checked D. supplied 5. A. caused B. examined C. operated D. advised 6. A. discovered B. destroyed C. developed D. opened 7. A. repaired B. invented C. wounded D. succeeded 8. A. watched B. parked C. broadened D. encouraged 9. A. delivered B. organized C. replaced D. obeyed 10. A. painted B. provided C. protected D. equipped 11. A. tested B. marked C. presented D. founded 12. A. used B. finished C. married D. rained 13. A. allowed B. dressed C. flashed D. mixed 14. A. switched B. stayed C. believed D. cleared 15. A. recommended B. waited C. handed D. designed 16. A. filled B. cleaned C. ploughed D. watched 17. A. visited B. decided C. engaged D. disappointed 18. A. kissed B. stopped C. laughed D. closed 19. A. reformed B. appointed C. stayed D. installed 20. A. fitted B. educated C. locked D. intended BT 3: Chọn từ cĩ phát âm khác với các từ cịn lại 1. A. head B. please C. heavy D. measure 2. A. note B. gloves C. some D. other 3. A. now B. how C. blow D. amount 4. A. dear B. year C. wear D. disappear 5. A. hate B. pan C. carrot D. matter 6. A. improved B. returned C. arrived D. stopped 7. A. nervous B. scout C. household D. mouse 8. A. favorite B. find C. outside D. library 9. A. last B. taste C. fast D. task 10. A. future B. summer C. number D. drummer 11. A. time B. kind C. bid D. nice 12. A. hard B. carry C. card D. yard 13. A. my B. baby C. spy D. cry 14. A. well B. get C. send D. pretty 15. A. weather B. ready C. mean D. head 16. A. break B. mean C. please D. meat 17. A. lucky B. punish C. pull D. hungry 18. A. planet B. character C. happy D. classmate 19. A. letter B. twelve C. person D. sentence 20. A. humor B. music C. cucumber D. sun 21. A. favorite B. name C. happy D. danger 22. A. end B. help C. set D. before 23. A. photo B. hold C. fork D. slow 4
5. 24. A. train B. wait C. afraid D. chair 25. A. habit B. paper C. table D. grade 26. A. meaning B. heart C. please D. speak 27. A. light B. kind C. intelligent D. underline 28. A. come B. more C. money D. somebody 29. A. comb B. climb C. bomb D. baby 30. A. nation B. national C. nationality D. international 31. A. bank B. paper C. explain D. same 32. A. fun B. sun C. supermarket D. lunch 33. A. different B. literature C. tidy D. finger 34. A. cat B. fat C. father D. apple 35. A. daunt B. astronaut C. vaulting D. aunt 36. A. clear B. treasure C. spread D. dread 37. A. about B. shout C. wounded D. count 38. A. none B. dozen C. youngster D. home 39. A. crucial B. partial C. material D. financial 40. A. major B. native C. sailor D. applicant B. PHÁT ÂM I. LÍ THUYẾT 1. Đa số động từ cĩ 2 âm tiết, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai. Ex: relax /rɪˈlỉks/ produce /prə'duːs/ include /ɪnˈkluːd/ discover /dɪˈskʌvər begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ become /bɪˈkʌm/ forget /fərˈɡet/ enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 2. Đa số danh từ và tính từ cĩ 2 âm tiết cĩ trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất. Ex:action /ˈỉkʃn/ paper /ˈpeɪpər/ teacher /ˈtiːtʃər/ rainy /ˈreɪni/ active /ˈỉktɪv/ happy (adj) /ˈhỉpi/ 3. Với từ cĩ 3 âm tiết trở lên, trọng âm sẽ rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 tính từ cuối lên. Ex: economy /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/ industry /ˈɪndəstri/ intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ geography /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/ cinema /ˈsɪnəmə/ 4. Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước đĩ nếu các từ tận cùng bằng các đuơi - ic, - ish, - ical, - sion, - tion, - ance, - ence, - idle, - ious, - iar, - ience, - id, - eous, - ian, - ity. Ex: nation /ˈneɪʃn/ entrance /ˈentrəns/ historic /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/ foolish /ˈfuːlɪʃ/ famous /ˈfeɪməs celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ 5. Trọng âm rơi vào chính âm tiết đĩ nếu các từ cĩ hậu tố: - ee, - eer, - ese, - ique, - esque, - oo, - oor. Ex: agree /əˈɡriː/ volunteer /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/ picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ unique /juˈniːk/ kangaroo /ˌkỉŋɡəˈruː/ Vietnamese /ˌvjetnəˈmiːz/ 6. Các từ cĩ hậu tố: - ment, - ship, - ness, - er/ or, - hood, - ing, - en, - ful, - able, - ous, - less thì trọng âm chính của từ khơng thay đổi. Ex: poison /ˈpɔɪzn/ => poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ happy /ˈhỉpi/ => happiness /ˈhỉpinəs/ rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ => reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ relation /rɪˈleɪʃn/ => relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ 7. Các từ tận cùng – graphy, - ate, - logy, - cy, - ity, - phy, - al thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ dưới lên. Ex: economical /ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪkl/ geography /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/ technology /tekˈnɑːlədʒi/ demoracy /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/ 8. Hầu như các tiền tố khơng nhận trọng âm. 5
6. Ex: dis'cover /dɪˈskʌvər/ re'ply /rɪˈplaɪ/ des'troy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ 9. Các từ 2 âm tiết bắt đầu bằng “a” thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 Ex: a’bed /əˈbed/ a’gain /əˈɡeɪn/ a’chieve /əˈtʃiːv/ II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BT 1: Chọn từ cĩ trọng âm khác với các từ cịn lại 1. A. harrow B. arrive C. repair D. announce 2. A. reply B. appeal C. offer D. support 3. A. answer B. allow C. agree D. deny 4. A compare B. approve C. enter D. pollute 5. A. mother B. relax C. father D. garden 6. A. decide B. combine C. apply D. happen 7. A. promise B. picture C. listen D. accept 8. A. attract B. verbal C. signal D. social 9. A. open B. provide C. complete D. prefer 10. A. become B. promise C. suggest D. disorder 11. A. surgeon B. surplus C. shampoo D. enter 12. A. create B. inform C. surface D. surprise 13. A. enough B. reply C. complete D. person 14. A. involved B. obstacle C. prepare D. supposed 15. A. money B. army C. affaird D. people 16. A. study B. knowledge C. precise D. message 17. A. contain B. express C. carbon D. obey 18. A. impress B. favor C. occur D. police 19. A. regret B. selfish C. purpose D. preface 20. A. writer B. teacher C. builder D. career BT 2: Chọn từ cĩ trọng âm khác với các từ cịn lại 1. A. obvious B. probably C. finally D. approaching 2. A. maximum B. decision C. requirement D. admission 3. A. energy B. consequently C. application D. difficulty 4. A. considerable B. information C. librarian D. technician 5. A. interviewer B. preparation C. economics D. education 6. A. certificate B. necessary C. economy D. geography 7. A. mathematics B. engineering C. scientific D. laboratory 8. A. university B. application C. technology D. entertainment 9. A. library B. entertain C. understand D. referee 10. A. requirement B. condition C. example D. previous 11. A. memory B. exactly C. radio D. management 12. A. powerful B. interesting C. exciting D. difficult 13. A. conference B. lecturer C. reference D. researcher 14. A. computer B. establish C. business D. remember 15. A. typical B. favorite C. division D. organize 6
7. 16. A. mechanic B. chemistry C. cinema D. finally 17. A. advantage B. musical C. politics D. apartment 18. A. expression B. easily C. depression D. disruptive 19. A. eleven B. history C. nursery D. different 20. A. physical B. achievement C. government D. national 21. A. parallel B. dependent C. primary D. educate 22. A. general B. applicant C. usually D. October 23. A. economic B. experience C. entertainment D. introduction 24. A. qualification B. disappointedly C. responsibility D. recommendation 25. A. addition B. suitable C. shortcoming D. honestly 26. A. traditional B. majority C. appropriate D. electrician 27. A. imprisonment B. behave C. dissatisfied D. picturesque 28. A. afternoon B. necessary C. compliment D. serious 29. A. accountant B. professor C. develop D. typical 30. A. invitation B. computation C. industry D. understand 7
8. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: THÌ (TENSES) I. LÝ THUYẾT Tenses Forms (Cơng thức) Signals (Dấu hiệu) (Thì) 1. Hiện Động từ tobe: Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: Always, tại đơn (+) S + is/ am/ are + O. usually, often, sometimes, hardly, (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + O. never (?) Is/ am/ are + S + O? Every (day/ week/ night/ month ) Động từ thường: In the morning/ afternoon/ evening (+) S + V-inf/ s/ es + O. (-) S + do/ does + not + V-inf + O. (?) Do/ does + S + V-inf + O? 2. Hiện (+) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + O. Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: Now, right tại tiếp (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing + O. now, currently, at present, today, this diễn (?) Is/ am/ are + S + V-ing + O? week Các câu cảm thán: Hurry up! Look! 3. Hiện (+) S + has/ have + Ved/ V3 + O. Just/ ever/ never/ already tại (-) S + has/ have + not + Ved/ V3 + O. (have/ has + just/ ever/ never/ hồn (?) Has/ have + S + Ved/ V3 + O? already + Ved/P2) thành Since + mốc thời gian Since + QKĐ, HTHT For + khoảng thời gian So far, not ...... yet, up to now, lately, before (cuối câu) Twice, three times, many times 4. Quá Động từ tobe: Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ (+) S + was/ were + O. khứ: yesterday, ago, last (week/ đơn (-) S + was/ were + not + O. month/ year/ ) (?) Was/ were + S + O? In + năm quá khứ Động từ thường: When + QKĐ (+) S + Ved/ V2 + O. (-) S + did not + V-inf + O. (?) Did + S + V-inf + O? 5. Quá (+) S + was/ were + V-ing + O. By + giờ + trạng từ trong quá khứ khứ (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing While + QKTD, QKTD tiếp + O. (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra song song cùng 1 diễn (?) Was/ were + S + V-ing + O? lúc) When + QKĐ, QKTD/ While + QTTD, QKĐ (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra, hd xảy ra trước chia QKTD, hd xảy ra sau chia QKĐ) 6. Quá (+) S + had + Ved/ V3 + O. by + trạng từ của quá khứ khứ (-) S + had + not + Ved/ V3 + O. S + told/ said + that + QKHT 8
9. hồn (?) Had + S + Ved/ V3 + O? Các liên từ nối: When/ Before/ By the thành time/ After/ As soon as: - Before + QKĐ, QKHT - When/ By the time + QKĐ, QKHT - After/ As soon as + QKHT, QKĐ 7. Tương (+) S + will + V-inf + O. Diễn tả một hành động thường quyết lai đơn (-) S + will not + V-inf + O. định ngay tại thời điểm nĩi (?) Will + S + V-inf + O? Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: tomorrow, next (week/ month ), soon, in the future Các cụm từ: I hope/ think/ expect/ ... Các từ: Probably/ perhaps When/ before/ after + HTĐ, TLĐ 8. Tương (+) S + will be + Ving + O At this time/ giờ + trạng từ của tương lai tiếp (-) S + won’t be + Ving + O lai diễn (?) Will + S + be + Ving + O? II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BT 1. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Hiện tại đơn và Hiện tại tiếp diễn 1. What they (do) in the winter? 2. Now I (do) _the cooking while Hoa (listen) to music. 3. At the moment, Nam and his friends (go) shopping at the mall. 4. On Friday, I (have) English. 5. He (like) apples, but he (not like) bananas. 6. Tom (be) my friend. He (play) sports every day. 7. He (teach) _English in a big school in town. 8. We usually (read) books, (listen) to music or (watch) TV. 9. Look! They (run) together. 10. Keep silent! I (listen) to the radio. BT 2. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Quá khứ đơn và Hiện tại hồn thành 1. I (not see) him last Monday. 2. Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book. 3. How many times you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh? 4. Mary (lose) her hat and she (look) for it until now. 5. I (read) _ the novel written by Jack London several times before. 6. He (write) a book since last year. 7. Mr Green. (teach) English in this school since he (graduate) from the university in 1986. 8. My father (not smoke) for 5 years. 9. How long Bob and Mary (be) _ married? 10. She (win) the gold medal in 1986. 9
10. BT 3. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Quá khứ đơn, Quá khứ tiếp diễn và Quá khứ hồn thành 1. When the police (arrive) , the car (go) . 2. While we (do) a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) on the beach. 3. They (eat) everything by the time they (arrive) at the party. 4. While Tom (play) the piano, his mother (do) the washing- up. 5. I (go) after they (finish) their work. 6. The light went out while I (have) dinner. 7. He (do) nothing before he (see) _ me. 8. When they (get) the station, the train (leave) . 9. The house (catch) fire while they were sleeping. 10. While Tom was reading, Amely (watch) a documentary on TV. 11. The burglar (open) the safe when he (hear) footsteps. He immediately (put) out his torch and (crawl) under the bed. 12. Last night I (drop) a plate when I (do) the washing-up. Fortunately it (not/break) . 13. Mary and I (dance) the house when the telephone rang. 14. I (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand. 15. The boy fell and hurt himself while he (ride) a bicycle. BT 4. Chia các động từ sau ở thì Hiện tại đơn, Tương lai đơn và Tương lai tiếp diễn 1. When you (go) into the office, Mr John (sit) at the front desk. 2. Our English teacher (explain) that lesson to us tomorrow. 3. We (wait) for you when you (get) back tomorrow. 4. What you (do) at 7:00 pm next Sunday? I (practice) my English lesson then. 5. When I see Mr Pike tomorrow, I (remind) him of that. 6. When you (come) next Monday, I (work) at my desk. 7. He (work) on the report at this time tomorrow. 8. Please wait here until you (see) _ her. 9. The Browns (do) their housework when you (come) next Sunday. 10. Don't leave until you (see) her. BT 5. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất 1. He to New York three times this year. A. was B. had been C. is D. has been 2. The second World War in 1939. A. started B. starts C. has started D. start 3. We as soon as you have finished your work. 10
11. A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone 4. I the book by the time you come tonight. A. will be finishing B. have finished C. will have finished D. finished 5. Television very popular since 1950s. A. has been B. was C. had been D. is 6. Peter at the moment, so he can't answer the phone. A. has worked B. is working C. worked D. works 7. Don't go anywhere until I back. A. came B. have come C. come D. will come 8. The King just here yesterday. A. had come B. comes C. has come D. came 9. It is the largest ship I_ . A. had seen B. saw C. have ever seen D. see 10. At 8 o’clock this evening, my friends and I a famous film in the cinema A. will watch B. watched C. will be watching D. have watched 11. Mary an hour ago. A. phoned B. has phoned C. phones D. was phoning 12. This is the house that Jack three years ago. A. was building B. builds C. had built D. built 13. Don't make noise. My mother with her friends. A. talked B. talks C. is talking D. was talking 14. She the piano since she was ten years old. A. played B. has played C. plays D. had played 15. Up to now, I a lot of information about her. A. learnt B. would learn C. learn D. have learnt 16. Mary in London for 15 years. A. lives B. was living C. is living D. has lived 17. I'm hungry now. I anything today. A. didn't eat B. haven't eaten C. don't eat D. won't eat 18. When we arrived home last night, everybody . A. has already slept B. had already slept C. was already sleeping D. already sleeping 19. Mark Twain loved his wife before he met her. A. is B. was C. has D. had 20. How since we left school? A. will you B. have you been C. are you D. are you being 21. They a presentation at this time tomorrow morning. A. are making B. are going to make C. will be making D. will making 22. Mary an hour ago. A. don't see B. hadn't seen C. didn't see D. haven't seen 23. What will Nam do when he school next year? A. could finish B. will finish C. has finished D. finishes 24. I in Hanoi before I moved to HCM City. A. had been living B. had lived C. have lived D. have been living 25. When I was a boy, I tea to coffee. A. preferred B. was preferring C. have preferred D. prefer 26. He went back to work in his country after he his course on Advanced Engineering in London. A. was finishing B. finishes C. has finished D. had finished 27. He up his mind yet. A. hasn't made B. didn't make C. wasn't making D. wasn't make 28. I TV while my father a newspaper last night. A. am watching / was reading B. was watching / was reading 11
12. C. am watching / is reading D. was watching / is reading 29. Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow. A. have left B. leaving C. leave D. will leave 30. The science lessons in this class difficult today. A. are B. be C. was D is 31. - Peter, please help me do the washing up. - Sorry, Mum. I TV. A. had watched B. am watching C. watched D. watch 32. He has in giving up smoking. A. succeeds B. succeed C. succeeded D. succeeding 33. While I TV last night, a mouse ran across the room. A. was watching B. am watching C. watched D. watch 34. It rained yesterday after it dry for months. A. is B. will be C. had been D. has been 35. I’m going on holiday. This time next week I _ on the beach in the sea. A. will lie B. am lying C. will be lying D. lie 36. We must start now. The next train at 2:15 p.m. A. will leave B. has leave C. left D leaves 37. The motorway in 1986. A. finished B. has finished C. finishes D. was finished 38. What were you at 8:00 last night? A. do B. doing C. done D. did 39. She'll be a millionaire by the time she forty. A. was B. will be C. is D. is going to be 40. People English and French in Canada. A. are speaking B. had spoken C. have spoken D. speak 12
13. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: CÂU PHỨC (COMPOUND SENTENCES) I. LÝ THUYẾT 1. Định nghĩa: - Câu phức là câu bao gồm 1 mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất 1 mệnh đề phụ thuộc liên kết với nhau. Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bới dấy phẩy hoặc các liên từ phụ thuộc. - Ví dụ:  He always takes time to play with his daughter even though he is extremely busy. (mệnh đề độc lập) (mệnh đề phụ thuộc)  Even though he is extremely busy, he always takes time to play with his daughter. (mệnh đề phụ thuộc) (mệnh đề độc lập) - Lưu ý: Mệnh đề đi liền với liên từ trong câu phức chính là mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Nếu mệnh đề phụ thuộc nằm phía trước mệnh đề độc lập thì giữa 2 mệnh đề phải cĩ dấu phẩy, cịn lại thì khơng. 2. Một số liên từ phụ thuộc phổ biến After/ Although/ Though/ As if/ Since/ In order to/ As soon as Even though As though Because/ As so that (sau khi) (mặc dù) (như thế là) (bởi vì) (để mà) Before Even if If Once/ When Whereas/ While (trước đây) (dù là/ mặc dù) (nếu) /As (trong khi đĩ) (khi/ một khi) As long as In case Unless Until (miễn là) (trong trường hợp) (nếu khơng) (cho đến khi) 3. Các loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc thường gặp Mệnh đề phụ thuộc Ví dụ 1. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ lí do: I did it because there was no - Trả lời cho câu hỏi tại sao one else to do it. - Thường bắt đầu với các liên từ: because, since, as, 2. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ thời gian: - Nĩi về thời gian hành động diễn ra khi nào As soon as you are ready, we - Thường được bắt đầu với các liên từ: when, while, shall go. before, after, as soon as, 3. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ sự nhượng bộ: - Diễn tả kết quả bất ngờ, ngồi sức mong đợi Although it rained, he went out - Thường được bắt đầu với các liên từ: although, even all the same. though, though, even if, ... 4. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ mục đích: - Nĩi về mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề độc He was speaking very quietly lập so that it was dificult to hear - Thường được bắt đầu với các liên từ: so that/ in order what he said. that, II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BT 1. Khoanh vào đáp án đúng 13
14. 1. My mother used to tell me stories I went to bed. A. since B. until C. before 2. You’d beter take the keys I’m out. A. in case B. since C. after 3. My brother likes eating fried chicken it’s very bad for his health. A. because B. although C. when 4. Yesterday, Jim was playing the piano his sister was playing the flute. A. as B. although C. while 5. You shouldn't spend too much time on computer it is harmful to your eyes. A. as B. when C. although 6. I will phone you I get there. A. while B. as soon as C. until 7. The scientist usually works in his lab the sun sets. A. until B. as soon as C. although 8. you promise not to tell lies again, I won't forgive you. A. If B. Even if C. Unless 9. her legs were hurt, she made attempt to finish the running track. A. Even if B. As if C. Even though 10. She talked she witnessed the accident. But in fact she knew nothing. A. as if B. even though C. even if 11. I didn't finish my homework I was seriously ill yesterday. A. when B. though C. since 12. James decides to save money from now he has enough money to travel this summer. A. so that B. though C. when 13. we have been friends for only one year, we deeply understand each other. A. If B. Though C. Once 14. Mr. Smith doesn't like dogs, his wife loves them. A. when B. so that C. whereas 15. I was cycling home yesterday I saw Jim standing near the fountain. A. when B. while C. since BT 2. Hồn thành các câu sau bằng các liên từ cho sẵn since although while unless before as though when as long as because in case 1. Jim came home, he realized that someone had broken into his house. 2. You’d better bring your raincoat rain pour down. 3. They have been colleagues they graduated. 4. Jim puts more effort in his studying, he won't catch up with his classmates. 5. My mother always reminds me to wash my hands I have meals. 6. We will go picnicking the weather is fine. 7. James behaved nothing had happened. 8. I can't make it on Saturday I will be fully occupied. 9. When I got home, my father was mowing the lawn my mother was watering the flower. 10. I don't get on well with Mary, I really admire her intelligence and beauty. 14
15. BT 3. Điền liên từ thích hợp và chỗ trống để hồn thành những câu sau 1. it's pouring with rain, we are going for a walk in the park. 2. she hands in the assignment before Tuesday, she will get very bad mark. 3. He decided to trust Jim this time he was not an honest man. 4. Jennifer decided to break up with Peter he didn't spend much time with her. 5. Danny bought a new car his old car was still in good condition. 6. I will be in great trouble my mother knows my final test scores. 7. Janice will have finished the report the time you receive the letter. 8. The concert will be cancelled no more tickets are sold. 9. Children are not allowed to enter this place they are accompanied by adults. 10. You should bring your coats the temperature falls at night. 11. my sister doesn’t like eating salad, she eats it regularly to keep fit. 12. I won’t come to Jim’s party he invites me. 13. you tell me the truth, I can’t help you. 14. the firemen arrived, the fire had already been put out by the local residents. 15. You can leave early you want to. 15
16. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS) I. LÝ THUYẾT 1. Định nghĩa: - Cụm động từ là sự kết hợp giữa 1 động từ và 1 tiểu từ. - Tiểu từ cĩ thể là 1 trạng từ hoặc 1 giới từ hoặc cả hai (ví dụ: back, on, through, off, up, ) - Khi thêm tiểu từ vào sau động từ, cụm động từ thường cĩ ý nghĩa khác hẳn so với động từ ban đầu. - Ví dụ: You can look up any new words in your dictionary. 2. Ý nghĩa phổ biến của 1 số tiểu từ trong cụm động từ Tiểu từ Ý nghĩa Ví dụ up Diễn đạt vị trí hướng lên trên hoặc ý kết We ate all the food up. thúc, hồn thành tất cả down Diễn đạt vị trí hướng xuống dưới hoặc Well have to cut down the expenses hành động cĩ xu thế giảm/ chặn lại on Diễn đạt ý ở trên, dựa trên You should put on formal clothes in a meeting. in Diễn đạt ý ở trong, xu hướng đi vào Make sure to leave the office by 5:00 trong pm or you will be locked in. out Diễn đạt vị trí phía ngồi hoặc ý hành I couldn't figure him out. động đến tận cuối/ cạn kiệt off Diễn đạt ý rời đi chỗ khác hoặc thay đổi I've sent off the letter you wrote to trạng thái the newspaper. for Diễn đạt mục đích hướng tới của hành He oftens asks his parents for động money. with Diễn tả ý cĩ người hoặc vật cùng tham That skirt goes really well with your gia trong hành động red coat. through Diễn tả ý lân lượt cái này sang cái kia If you look through something, you hoặc từ đầu đến cuối read it quickly and not very carefully. back Diễn tả ý trở lại/ quay lại Please send the jacket back if it is the wrong size. away Diễn tả trạng thái dời đi hoặc tạo ra Put away your toys, Jack! khoảng cách around Diễn tả hành động mang tính giải trí, I hate the way he lies around all day khơng rõ mục đích hoặc khơng cần quá watching TV. tập trung 3. Một số cụm động từ đi liền với nhau a. Cụm động từ kết hợp với 1 tiểu từ Get up (thức dậy) Find out (tìm hiểu thơng tin) Look through (đọc) Pass down (truyền lại) Live on (sống nhờ bằng) Come back (trở lại) Pass away (chết) Warm up (khởi động) Keep up (tiếp tục) = go on Turn down (từ chối) Set up (sắp đặt, chuẩn bị) Hold on (chờ đợi) Turn up (xuất hiện) Show off (khoe khoang) Count on = rely on (tin tưởng) Deal with (giải quyết) Grow up (lớn lên) Work out (tìm ra cách giải 16
17. quyết) Give up (từ bỏ) = quit Carry out (thực hiện) Drop by (ghé qua) Break down (đổ vỡ, hỏng) Bring out (phát hành) Bring up (nuơi dưỡng) Take up (bắt đầu hoạt Agree on st (đồng ý việc gì) Believe in (tin tưởng) động) Agree with sb (đồng ý với ai) Take off (cất cánh/ cởi) Use up (cạn kiệt) Look for (tìm kiếm) Take over (đảm nhận) Look after = take care of Set out/ off (khởi hành) (chăm sĩc) Take after (giống ai ) Watch out/ over (cẩn thận) Run into (tình cờ) b. Cụm động từ kết hợp với 2 tiểu từ Keep up with = catch up Face up to (đối mặt với) Look forward to (mong đợi) with (bắt kịp) Put up with (chịu đựng) Look up to (kính trọng) Look back on (nhớ lại) Come up with (nảy ra ý Look down on (coi thường) Go in for (tham gia) tưởng) Come down with (mắc Cut down on (cắt giảm) Get on with (hịa hợp với) bệnh) Run out of (cạn kiệt) Go through with (kiên trì, bền Stay away from (tránh xa) bỉ) Get rid of (loại bỏ) Go along with (đồng ý với) Make up for (đền bù) 4. Một số cụm động từ được ngăn cách bởi tân ngữ Pay sb back (trở nợ ai) Take st off (cởi cái gì) See sb off (tạm biệt ai) Tell sb off (la rầy ai đĩ) Pick sb up (đĩn ai) Put st on (mặc cái gì vào) Drop sb off (thả ai xuống xe) Make st up (bịa chuyện) Put st/ sb out (đưa ai/ cái gì ra ngồi) Turn sb/ st down (từ chối ai/ Put st away (cất đi) Cut st into (cắt vật gì thành) cái gi) Get sb down (làm ai thất vọng) Put st down (ghi chép lại) Take st/ sb back to (đem trả lại) II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG BT 1. Khoanh vào đáp án đúng 1. They have turned (down/ up) Jim's application for the job. 2. You may have to deal (with/ about) many problems in the workplace. 3 . Small birds mainly live (on/ off) insects. 4. When does the plane take (off/ up)? 5. Why did you decide to take (on/ up) skiing? 6. Remember to warm (up/ down) carefully before you play sports. 7. There's no need to dress (up/ down). It is just an informal party. 8. Have you worked (out / in) the solution yet? 9. Oops, I think we're run out (of/ on) petrol. 10. Jim seems not to get (on/ off) well with his classmates. 11. My husband has decided to set (up/ down) a business on his own. 17
18. 12. Do you think James will find (out / up) the truth? 13. Does Jim have many friends to count (on/ off) in difficult time? 14. Yesterday, my uncle dropped (to/ by) my house to the surprise of everyone. 15. Were you brought (up/ in) by your grandparents? 16. Who does Jim take (after/ in)? 17. I am waiting (after/ for) the result of the test. 18. They haven't agreed (on/ with) what make of car they would buy. 19. "Who did you run (out of/ into) yesterday?" - "It was my old teacher." 20. If we don't conserve the natural gas, it will soon be used (up/ to)? 21. After years of being badly treated, James doesn't believe (about/ in) the good things in life any more. 22. Why did you stay (up/ on) so late last night? 23. When Mr. Brown went on a business trip , Mrs. Smith took (over/ off) his work. 24. Jim promised to pick (on/ up) me from the airport. 25. Peter took (off/ up) his rain coat before he came in. 26. Many of my friends came to the airport to see (over/ off) me. 27. The teacher told us to put (away/ down) interesting details of the presentation. 28. It is the shared mind that keeps (up/ together) us. 29. My mother told me to (put/ get) on warm clothes before I went out. 30. Jim really (got/ put) me down when he forgot my birthday. 31. My father never (tells/ drops) me off but my mother is always shouting at me. 32. I couldn't believe she (turned/ got) down my invitation for the second time. 33. My mother often lets me (look/ take) after my younger brother. 34. "Why did she (break/ stay) up with you?” - "She said I didn't care much about her." 35. Please (drop/ tell) me off in front of the theater . 36. We've been (saving/ looking) up to travel to New York this summer. 37. Have you (take/ put) out clean towels for the guests? 38. I remember (paying/ looking) Jim back but he kept asking me for his money. 39. Jim's poor test results (got/ looked) his parents down. 40. My grandmother (died/ passed) away before I was born. BT 2. Điền một động từ thích hợp để hồn thành các câu dưới đây 1. Sometimes I back on my childhood and realize how happy I was as a kid. 2. James is quite easy going. He can on well with many types of people. 3. Peter has been absent from school for 2 weeks due to his illness. It may be difficult for him to up with his classmates. 4. Did you watch the film last night? Do you know how the villain back on the hero? 18
19. 5. Mr/Smith decided to up smoking because the doctor warned him of getting lung cancer. 6. He could with all kinds of people because it was part of his job as a receptionist. 7. Jim was sad because Jane down his invitation to the prom. 8. It is important to down our sugar consumption every day. 9. It's time you have to up to these problems on your own. 10. I forward to hearing from you soon. BT 3. Hồn thành các câu sau đây bằng những cụm động từ cho sẵn cut down on deal with hold on take up count on put up with turn down come down with tell off bring out 1. This singer will a new album this year. 2. Peter is very reliable. You can him. 3. You should your essay 500 words. 4. Jim is depressed as he has been by five companies so far. 5. I can't such disturbing noise any more. 6. My mother is always me. 7. Mr.Smith has golf. 8. Are you tired of complained from your customer? 9. How are you now? I heard that you _ flu last week. 10. ! I think we’ve got lost. This isn’t the right road. BT 4. Hồn thành câu bằng cách điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống 1. Peter always look to his senior colleagues. 2. Mary is going a singing competition. 3. Nothing can make the loss of my cat. 4. Jim didn't work yesterday because he came flu. 5. My mother always reminds me to stay _ bad people. 6. As a child, I used to wait the present from Santa Clause. 7. I can’t put _ his selfishness any more. 8. They argue a lot. They seem to never get each other. 9. Last year we went an operation. 10. Last week we got all the old furniture and bought new one. BT 5. Hồn thành các câu bằng cách điền tiểu từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống 1. We will set for Tokyo in the next few hours. 2. Everyone says that Jim takes his father but I think he is more like his mother. 3. Who will take your position when you are on parental leave? 4. There are four of us so Peter cuts the cake four pieces. 19
20. 5. I am going to buy a new bike , so I put my old one . 6. Remember to put the trash before the garbage truck comes. 7. You must take your hat before you come into a temple. 8. I hate the way my manager shuts me when she disagrees with me. 9. What are you looking ? My car keys. 10. Watch for the dog. Everyone says that it is a fierce dog. BT 6: Hồn thành câu bằng 1 cụm động từ thích hợp pay back get down believe in save up tell off pull out see off agree with watch out make up 1. I have seen a lot of people burst into tears when they their friends and family . 2. Do you me that you didn’t try hard enough? 3. Has your teacher ever you _? No, she hasn’t. She is a nice teacher. 4. Last week, I borrowed Tom $50 to buy a book but I haven’t him yet. 5. My boyfriend walked towards me and then he a small gift. 6. I never in ghosts but my brothet always scared of them. 7. ! There is a car coming. 8. I hate the way Peter tell lies and stories to chat people. 9. Have you enough to buy a new car. 10. I promised my mother not to her , so I tried to best to get high scores. BT 7. Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau và sửa lại cho đúng 1. We have already worked up a new way of doing it. A B C D 2. I can’t keep up to all the changes in technology nowadays. A B C D 3. Have you ever considered getting rid your bad habits? A B C D 4. The teacher asked us to see through the textbook before she continued. A B C D 5. Mary and Peter broke them up after two months dating. A B C D 6. You should clear your room up before mom comes back. A B C D 7. I was happy that I ran my old teacher into yesterday. A B C D 8. Mary is always showing her jewelry off. A B C D 9. Both of us agreed with Jane's opinion about our plan. A B C D 10. Last year a research on the consequences of water pollution was carried on. A B C D 20