Bài giảng Tiếng Anh 8 - Unit 7: Pullution

Nội dung text: Bài giảng Tiếng Anh 8 - Unit 7: Pullution

1. UNIT 7. PULLUTION A. VOCABULARY News words Meaning Picture Example The aquatic ecosystem is Aquatic threatened by water pollution. /əˈkwỉtɪk/ Dưới nước Hệ sinh thái dưới nước đang bị (adj) đe dọa bởi ơ nhiễm nước. Chemical substances from factories are harmful to the Chemical environment. Chất hĩa /ˈkemɪkl/ Những chất hĩa học từ nhà học (n) máy cĩ hại đối với mơi trường. They are trying to remove Contaminant contaminants from the lake. Chất gây ơ /kənˈtỉmɪnənt Họ đang cố gắng loại bỏ những nhiễm chất gây ơ nhiễm ra khỏi hồ. (n) The fire badly damaged the Damage building. /ˈdỉmɪdʒ/ Phá hủy Ngọn lửa đá phá hủy trầm (v,n) trọng ngơi nhà.
2. Some animals escape danger by Dead playing dead. /ded/ Chết Một vài lồi động vật trốn thốt (adj) nguy hiểm bằng cách giả chết. Everything in his room was so dirty. Dirty Mọi thứ trong phịng của anh /ˈdɜːrti/ Bẩn ấy đều bẩn. (adj) People mustn’t dump waste Dump into the sea. Đổ rác, vứt /dʌmp/ Mọi người khơng được đổ rác bỏ (v) xuống biển. We are facing many environmental problems these Environmental days. Thuộc về /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ Ngày nay chúng ta đang đối mơi trường (adj) mặt với nhiều vấn đề mơi trường.
3. People dig well to use Groundwater groundwater. /ˈgraʊndwɔːtər/ (n) Nước ngầm Mọi người đào giếng để sử dụng nguồn nước ngầm. Herbicide can pollute the Herbicide Thuốc diệt groundwater. /ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/ cỏ Thuốc diệt cỏ cĩ thể gây ra ơ (n) nhiễm nguồn nước ngầm. Industrial chemicals cause air, water and land pollution. Industrial Những chất hĩa học cơng Thuộc về /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ nghiệp gây ra ơ nhiễm khơng cơng nghiệp (adj) khí, nước và đất. The street are littered with Litter rubbish. Đổ rác, làm /ˈlɪtər/ bừa bộn Những con đường bị đổ đầy (n,v) rác. Some kinds of mushrooms contain poison. Poison Một vài loại nấm cĩ chứa chất /ˈpɔɪzn/ Chất độc độc. (n)
4. Radioactive pollution is not a pollution of our city. Radioactive Ơ nhiễm phĩng xạ khơng phải /ˌreɪdioʊˈỉktɪv/ Phĩng xạ là vấn đề của thành phố chúng (adj) tơi. Some mountain streams are Stream polluted by acid rain. /striːm/ Dịng suối Một vài dịng suối trên núi đá (n) bị ơ nhiễm bởi mưa a-xít. Are there any thermal springs Thermal in your country? /ˈθɜːrml/ Nhiệt Cĩ suối nước nĩng ở đất nước (adj) bạn khơng? Jane has a good visual memory. Visual Thuộc về thị Jane cĩ một trí nhớ hình ảnh /ˈvɪʒuəl/ giác tốt. (adj) B. GRAMMAR 1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN. Định nghĩa Ví dụ Câu điều kiện gồm cĩ hai phần: mệnh đề chỉ điều If the weather is fine, I will go campingwith my kiện (if-clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (result friends tomorrow. clause) (Nếu thời tiết đẹp thì ngày mai tơi đi sẽ đi cắm trại
5. với bạn của tơi.) -> “If the weather is fine” là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện: “I will go camping with my friends tomorrow” là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (mệnh đề chính) Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính cĩ thể đứng trước I will go camping with my friends tomorrow if the hay sau đều được. weather is fine. II. ƠN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CONDITIONAL SENENCES TYPE 1) Chức năng Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện cĩ thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Cấu trúc If + S+ V (s/es) + (bổ ngữ) S will +V nguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ) (thì hiện tại đơn) (thì tương mai đơn) -> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai. Ví dụ If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer. (Nếu tơi cĩ đủ tiền thì tơi sẽ mua một chiếc máy tính mới.) - If you work hard, you will make a lot of money. (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm chỉ thì bạn sẽ kiếm được nhiều tiền.) Lưu ý Unless= If not If= Unless + not Ví dụ: - If he doesn’t do his homework, his mother will complain. -> Unless he does homework, his mother will complain. - If you don’t send to the hospital, she will die. -> Unless you send her to the hospital, she will die. Cĩ thể dùng các động từ must, have to, can, may, should thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
6. Ví dụ: Is It rains heavily, you can stay here. (Nếu trời mưa bạn cĩ thể ở lại đây.) - If you want to see that film, you must buy a ticket. (Nếu bạn muốn xem bộ phim đĩ thì bạn phải mua vé.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DUNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1. Khoanh trịn phương án đúng để hồn thành các câu sau. 1. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow. 2. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam. 3. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are nice to you). 4. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the exam. 5. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework. 6. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD. 7. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket. 8. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends. 9. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/doesn’t) want to. 10. You can’t have this job unless you (have/will have) long working experience. 11. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow? 12. You (will be/ are) able to understand it you practice every day. 13. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge. 14. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home. 15. If she (isn’t/ won’t) careful, she will make many mistakes. Bài 2. Hồn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. The manager (be) ___ very angry if I am late for work. 2. You will have to work very hard if you (take)___ this course.
7. 3. I (go) ___ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow. 4. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ___ louder. 5. If Peter (forget) ___ to write his essay, the teacher (give) ___ him a low mark. 6. If they (win) ___ this match, they will ne the champions. 7. We (have) ___ plenty of time if we (arrive) ___ there early. 8. The zookeeper (punish) ___ you if you (feed) ___ the animal. 9. What ___ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell0 ___ her the truth. 10. The boys (shiver) ___ with cold if they (swim) ___ in this lake. 11. The door (not lock) ___- unless you (press) ___ the green button. 12. Jim won’t be late if he (take) ___ the bus at 6 o’clock . 13. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) ___ to leave her a message, I (give) ___ it to her. 14. If jack (clean) ___ the floor, I (do) ___ the washing. 15. the children (be) ___ happy if you (give) ___ them some sweets. Bài 3.Nối cột A với cột B để tạo thành câu hồn chỉnh. A B 1. If people keep dumping rubbish into the lake, a. the groundwater will be poisoned. 2. If the farmers overuse pesticide, b. if our surrounding environment is polluted 3. Soil erosion won’t happen in an area, c. they will disappear in the future. 4. if we don’t converse the rainforests, d. unless we join hands to protect it. 5. Our health will be badly affected e. the aquatic life will be afflicted. 6. Our environment will be damaged f. floods will be more and more severe. 7. Is we don’t protect the frontier forests, g. if people use more public transportation. 8. The amount of carbon dioxide in the h. if people practice sustainable agricultural mad atmosphere will be reduced use.
8. 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 6. ___ 7. ___ 8. ___ Bài 4. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hồn chỉnh. 1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/. ___ 2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water. ___ 3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems. ___ 4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/ headache/ even/ lung cancer. ___ 5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/. ___ 6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/. ___ 7. If/ we/ not/ control/ pollution/ soon/,/it/ be/ too/ late/. ___ 8. If/we/ not/ protect/ frontier/,/we/ suffer/ many/ from/ natural/ disasters. ___ Bài 5. Viết lại câu với “” if/unless” sao cho nghĩa của câu khơng thay đổi. 1. I can’t finish this task you don’t give me a hand. -> ___ 2. You will run out of money if you don’t stop wasting it.
9. -> ___ 3. Don’t call me unless it is an emergency. -> ___ 4. James will not pass the test unless he studies harder. -> ___ 5. If Jane finishes her work before 6 pm, she will dine out with her friends. -> ___ 6. My brother won’t go travelling this summer if he doesn’t find a companion. -> ___ 7. It is not easy to do these exercises unless you listen attentively to the teacher. -> ___ 8. If Jim doesn’t submit his essay before Tuesday, he will be punished by the teacher. -> ___ III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2) Chức năng - Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, mọt ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại. - Dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên. Cấu trúc If+ S+ V-ed + (bổ ngữ), S+ would + V nguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ). (thì quá khứ đơn) -> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng động từ khuyết thiếu “would +V” Ví dụ If we were a bird, I wou;d be very happy. (Nếu tơi là một con chim tơi sẽ rất hạnh phúc)
10. -> Tơi khơng thể là chim được. If I had a million USD, I would buy that cả. (Nếu tơi cĩ một triệu đo la, tơi sẽ mua chiếc xe đĩ.) -> hiện tại khơng cĩ. Lưu ý - Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, ở mệnh đề ‘IF’, với chủ ngữ “ I/he/she/it” ta cĩ thể dùng “were ” hoặc “was” đều được. - Ta cũng cĩ thể dùng “could” hoặc “might” trong mệnh đề chính. WOULD= sẽ (dạng quá khứ của WILL) COULD = cĩ thể (dạng quá khứ của CAN) MIGHT = cĩ thể (dạng quá khứ của MAY) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 6. Khoanh trịn vảo phương án đúng. 1. I (would buy/ bought) a new house if I had enough money. 2. If he (would try/ tried) his best, he might be successful. 3. If I (lived/ would live) in Japan, I could speak Japanese well. 4. If someone gave you a dress, which color (would you want/ you would want) it to be? 5. I would repaired the roof myself if I (would have/ had) a longer ladder. 6. You would be more comfortable now if you (didn’t/ wouldn’t) wear high heels. 7. I (wouldn’t/didn’t) buy things on the Internet if I were you. 8. If you (met/ would meet) your favorite author Mark Twain, what wouldn’t you ask him? 9. His parents would be very proud if he (wouldn’t be/ weren’t) so naughty. 10. If Jane had more money, she (would treat/ treated) herself to a decent meal.
11. 11. If you were a billionaire, what (would you do/ did you do)/ 12. If Kate owned a computer, she (would spend/ spent) most of her free time on it. 13. If I (would know/ knew) his address, I would give it to you. 14. She would look much better if her hair (didn’t look/ wouldn’t look) so unkempt. 15. If I were in your situation, I (would/ will) let the nature take its course. Bài 7. Hồn thành các câu sau, sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. More tourists would come to our country if we (provide) ___ better services. 2. If I studies abroad, ___ (we/keep) in touch with each other? 3. If someone (give) ___ you a camera, what would you do with it? 4. If I (win) ___ a big prize in a lottery, I (donate) ___ apart of it and (spend) ___ the rest for myself. 5. What ___ (you/do) if you found a wallet in the street? 6. I could watch foreign TV program without subtitles if I (know) ___ English. 7. He might be obese if he (not stop) ___ taking in fat and sugar. 8. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not do) ___ it. 9. If you (see) ___ someone drowning, ___ (you/save) him? 10. She (be) ___ happier if her parents (not get) ___ divorced. 11. If you (sleep) ___ under a mosquito net you (not be) ___ bitten so often. 12. I (get) ___ a job easily if I (have) ___ a degree. 13. If whe (have) ___ another hair style, she (look) ___ younger. 14. if the weather (not be) ___ severe, out crops (grow) ___ faster. 15. I (keep) ___ a horse if I could afford it. Bài 8. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 cho các trường hợp sau. 0/ They don’t have enough money. They cannot buy a new car. ->If they had enough money, they could buy a new car.
12. 1. There isn’t a library in my neighborhood. I cannot borrow books. ___ 2. My health is not good. I don’t play extreme sports. ___ 3. We cannot go for a picnic because it is pouring with rain. ___ 4. I don’t have much free time. I cannot come to your party. ___ 5. Jim doesn’t have any siblings. He feels lonely sometimes. ___ 6. My father is very busy at work. He rarely has time for me. ___ 7. This camera is expensive. I can’t buy it. ___ 8. You don’t try your best. Your result will not be good. ___ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO. Bài 9. Hồn thành các câu sau, cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. We (be) ___ happy if air pollution were the only problem. 2. They would be disappointed if you (not go) ___ to their party. 3. If we (use) ___ this kind of light bulb, we can save energy. 4. Peter should go to sleep early if he (not want) ___ to be tired the next morning. 5. If you (take) ___ more exercises, you would be more resistant to diseases. 6. You may have car accident unless you (drive) ___ more carefully. 7. If I travel to London, I (visit) ___ its museum.
13. 8. If they offer me the job, I think I (accept) ___ it. 9. Many people (be) ___ out of work if the local factory closed down. 10. What (happen) ___ if that red button was pressed? 11. I’d be absolutely astonished if Mary and James (get) ___ married. 12. They won’t let you in unless you (show) ___them your identity card. 13. My best friend gave me this book. She (be) ___ very upset if I lost it. 14. Would you mind if I (turn) ___ up the radio. 15. I’m sure she (forgive) ___ you if you sincerely apologize to her. Bài 10. Đánh dấu trước câu đúng, đánh dấu x trước câu sai và viết lại cho đúng. ___ 1. Pollution can be reduced if we joined hands to prevent it. ___ ___ 2. If farmers would make use of pesticide more wisely, the soil would not be poisoned. ___ ___ 3. I won’t believe it unless you showed me the evidence. ___ ___ 4. Unless you don’t tell me the truth, I won’t help you. ___ ___ 5. If James is more outgoing, he would have more friends. ___ ___ 6. I think the show would be successful if he were one of the organizers. ___ ___ 7. If you paid more attention to what I said, you didn’t make so many mistakes. ___ ___ 8. If children are taught about environmental issues, they might change their attitudes towards pollution. ___
14. ___ 9. You would be punished if you park your car here. ___ ___ 10. If you could win the competition, we will have a celebration. ___ Bài 11. Hồn thành các câu sau, chọn và cho dạng đúng của các độn từ cho sẵn. happen Reduce save suffer Cause throw Take be change See 1. If we use less vehicles, we ___ the amount of carbon dioxide into the air. 2. If you ___ the president, what you do to prevent air pollution. 3. If there were no fresh water left, what ___? 4. If people (not) ___ rubbish in the street, it would look better. 5. if there wasn’t so much light in the cities at night, we ___ the starts more clearly. 6. If the water is contaminated, people ___ from many diseases. 7. If chemicals from factories are dumped into rivers and lakes, they ___ water pollution. 8. If people want to protect their planet, they should ___ their habit of using plastic bag for convenience. 9. If we recycle paper, we ___ 1000 trees a day. 10. If people were more aware of the negative consequences of pollution, they might ___ actions to prevent it. Bài 12. Khoanh trịn phương án đúng. Consequences of water pollution Water pollution is a matter of concern nowadays because of its negative effects on the environment and human. The first problem is that water pollution kills (1) ___ organism. Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals have been killed by (2) ___ in their habitat. Moreover, pollution (3) ___ the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all high levels. Eventually, humans are (4) ___ by this process as
15. well. People can get (5) ___ such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been (6) ___. In many poor nations, there is always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a (7) ___ of poor drinking water treatment from contaminated water. (8) ___ people don’t prevent pollution, not only the environment but also their health will be put at risk. 1. A. aquatic B. atmosphere C. underground D. soil 2. A. pollutes B. Pollution C. polluted D. pollutants 3. A. changes B. disrupts C. pollutes D. clears 4. A. affect B. affected C. affecting D. effect 5. A. illness B. sickness C. diseases D. healthiness 6. A. cleaned B. poisoned C. processes D. prepared 7. A. outcome B. effect C. way D. result 8. A. If B. Unless C. When D. In case Bài 13. Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi. Light pollution Most of us are familiar with air, water, and land pollution, but did you know that light can also be a pollutant? Not many people know about this kind of pollution. Light pollution is the inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light and it can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminates sporting venues. The fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient, overly bright and, in many cases, completely unnecessary. This light, and the electricity used to create it, is being wasted by spilling into the sky, rather than focusing on the actual objects and areas that people want illuminated. For three billion years, life on Earth in a rhythm of light and dark that was created solely by the illumination of the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Now, artificial lights overpower the darkness and our cities glow at night. It disrupts the natural day-night pattern and shifts the delicate balance of our environment. Light pollution has negative impacts. It increases energy consumption, disrupts the ecosystem and wildlife and harms human health. Fortunately, concern about light pollution is rising dramatically. A growing number of
16. sciences, homeowners, environmental groups and civic leaders are taking actions to restore the natural night. 1. What source of light does not contribute to light pollution? A. moonlight B. streetlight C. offices D. advertising 2. What is NOT true about light pollution according to the passage? A. People are so familiar with it. B. Is has many bad effects on humans and the environment. C. It is the inappropriate or excessive use of natural light. D. It is a side effect of industrial civilization. 3. What disrupts the natural day-night pattern as mentioned in the passage? A. artificial light B. darkness C. our city D. night 4. Which is NOT mentioned as the negative impact of light pollution? A. increasing the use of energy B. disrupting the ecosystem. C. badly affect human health D. balancing the ecosystem